Business Environment in Germany

The Many Beneficial Effects of Adopting a Pet

The Many Beneficial Effects of Adopting a Pet Adopting a pet is profitable to both the pet proprietor and the pet. While thinking about the upsides and downsides of inviting a hairy companion into the family, many are uninformed of the incidental advantages that are picked up from having a pet. These advantages are not Just uneven either †both the pet and the proprietor gain by the affiliation. Other than having a tender buddy, pet proprietors experience stimulating symptoms because of their relationship. For received creatures, the most noteworthy support is considerably more fundamental and frequently neglected: life.Still, numerous individuals are reluctant to assume n the liability of a pet for different various reasons. We as of late chose to make room in our family unit for another occupant. Having endured the passing of our multi year old terrier Hercules, we needed receive another pet. Before showing up at that choice, we did some examination to figure out what sort of c reature would best fit into our home, which incorporates two felines. Of the numerous decisions accessible to us, we at long last chose embracing another feline from a safe house. Here are my top convincing motivations to claim a feline from a neighborhood altruistic organization.It shocks no one that every year a huge number of creatures enter covers and an igh rate are taken care of because of overpopulation (Salk, 2013). Pet appropriations from non-benefit associations, covers or others conscious social orders definitely decrease the need to euthanize these dislodged creatures and give them sheltered, adoring homes. Appropriation likewise makes an open door for new creatures to get help by opening up space and assets. Notwithstanding selection, numerous accommodating associations offer inoculations, small scale chips for following and fix or fix services.There is a typical misinterpretation that creatures in covers are there due to social or demeanor issues. Actually most haven c reatures are deserted for reasons, for example, separation, migration, or budgetary imperatives (Salk, 2013), making their circumstance even more tragic. Giving a sound, adoring condition is assuredly a great blessing to a destitute creature. And keeping in mind that the bit of leeway to the creature is self-evident, proprietors additionally get unsought individual advantages. Pets are devoted companions that offer unrestricted love and companionship.They keep insider facts, aren't Judgmental and essentially sprout when indicated consideration. Felines specifically worship cuddling and give off an impression of being the most joyful when within the sight of beneficiary proprietor. Verifiably, felines have been described as lone animals, given to â€Å"diva† character characteristics and highbrow attitudes. While this may precisely depict the personality of a couple, felines are most ordinarily known for being adoring, lively and curious. It's not abnormal for my feline to pur sue me around the house as I complete errands, sit in front of the TV with me or stand by persistently outside the entryway for my reappearance from the bathroom.As a lone kid, ordinarily I wound up with the family feline as my lone friend. Despite the fact that it was here and there calm, I never felt alone. At the point when I moved into my first loft, a feline end up being the best alternative for my circumstance. Felines are the pertect pet tor condo tenants due to a limited extent to their generally little size. In contrast to hounds, felines hush up †no unruly yelping or whimpering to pester the neighbors. They require just modest quantities of nourishment for endurance and don't have to take part in long meetings of difficult play for exercise.This makes them a spending inviting, low upkeep pet alternative. Furthermore, felines are free animals that normally rest most of the day, making them independent and extremely simple o keep up. In contrast to numerous pets, feline s require little contribution from their proprietor. For diversion, just give a feline a bundle of yarn and the individual in question will be very substance to breathe easy moving around on the floor playing. Different toys, for example, feline nip bound balls or plume toys give entertainment as well as have the additional bit of leeway of giving dynamic felines exercise.Window ledges manage the cost of felines the agreeable chance to take part in most loved side interests, for example, watching the outside world or absorbing the sun while snoozing. The low upkeep required for a feline is especially helpful for hose with occupied calendars or constrained space. Some other help is the way that felines need small preparing. This is particularly useful with regards to the potty. While preparing a few creatures to utilize the restroom can be a period concentrated work of affection, felines are very clever and require next to no direction.Show a feline the area of the litter box and bas ically you're finished. Felines are persnickety about their cleanliness and condition; accordingly, if the litter box is scooped routinely, there are normally no potty mishaps to address. Particular animals, felines are staggeringly lean creatures and go through hours daily prepping themselves. This conduct is instinctive, much like their capacity as trackers. Felines are extraordinary supporters of the family unit and win their keep. Fantastic trackers, felines can regularly be seen constantly pursuing a fly or mosquito around the house.Spiders, mice, frogs and other little beasties, all fall prey to fun loving yet decided felines. Having a feline in living arrangement growing up, we never needed to buy traps or different gadgets to keep up a vermin free family. While being a tracker is a significant part of their characters, felines additionally give real medical advantages to beneficiary proprietors. Studies have indicated that pet proprietors get quantifiable medical advantages straightforwardly owing to their pet. Pets are known to bring down circulatory strain (Sweat, 2013), decrease pressure and even fortify the insusceptible framework (Nazario, 2012).Cats are instinctive and sense the passionate condition of their proprietors. It's been my own experience that when I'm sick, my feline won't walk out on me until I'm better. Steadfast buddies in ailment and in wellbeing, felines can be relied on to offer calm help, compassion and fondness to help their overseers in beating sadness or other despairing states of mind (Sweat, 2013). Did you realize that having an exceptional mate around even assists with reducing depression? With such huge numbers of upsides, who wouldn't need a pet?There are innumerable motivations to claim a pet as a rule and a feline specifically. Felines are the perfect pet for any condition, in the case of living in a house or in the little bounds of a loft. Felines are low support, spotless, astute and make superb companions for all ag es. Likewise with any creature, there is no more noteworthy articulation of affection at that point to offer them a place of refuge. To destitute creatures, reception implies the distinction among life and demise. Consequently, you get a companion forever and improved wellbeing. My felines are more than pets †they are my family. Â

Im Shipping Up to Boston

I’m Shipping Up to Boston Tomorrow morning I fly back to MIT, and Im writing to you with absolutely no feeling in the lower left-hand quadrant of my face. Its as if all the feeling there decided to concurrently take a few hours off to siesta, and have left me to use only my eyebrows for expressions (I dont have very expressive eyebrows; for the past half hour Ive been mostly looking either surprised or confused). I just got back from the dentist, because even though there are dentists at MIT Medical that are covered by student insurance, I have not gone since last year, since there is little else I love more than lying there digging my nails into my palm trying not to scream. Its not the drill I have about as much tolerance for oral pain as the next guy its my active imagination that really gets me in the dentists chair. Inevitably after theyve numbed one or both of the bottom quadrants of my face, the dentist leans over and does some stuff in my mouth that I can NO LONGER FEEL. Its at this point that it occurs to me that Dentist and Nurse are probably involved in some kind of elaborate hoax in which they put tubes and drills and silver poking tools in my mouth, but arent actually doing anything. (in my head) DENTIST: (secretly communicating with Nurse by morse code) Hahah! She thinks shes getting that cavity filled when all were doing is HOLDING THIS SUCTION TUBE AND MOVING IT AROUND! NURSE: Were BRILLIANT! Here, pass me that plastic purple gun that is actually used for ear piercings. ME: Wow, Im sure glad theyre fixing all my teeth and not actually creating a huge waste of time! As of yet, this has not occurred (as far as I can tell). Inventing preposterous hypothetical situation amongst ordinary days, however, is just one of many things I have done in during my summer here in the beautiful Bay Area. (As well as chewing on my tongue, which I also cannot feel.) This year, as opposed to last year when I was a freshman, my summer also consisted of: Work. I started out the summer working as a production assistant at Pixar. That means I was mostly at my desk every day, but got to deliver things whilst riding around the foyer and in between departments on a scooter. About a month into summer, shortly after the release of Ratatouille, I finished archiving film reels with the post-production department and headed off to instead both work at the Apple Store and volunteer at an emergency room in San Francisco. I had been at my other two jobs for about a week when one of the sound editors called my cell phone to ask if I had seen his scooter around anywhere, to which I answered shiftily, er no. (I really didnt steal his scooter. I did, however, take a really excellent Dory pinata from the free pile outside the animators offices.) Celebrating Harry Potter. I wouldnt consider myself a serious Harry Potter fanatic at least, not compared to some people and Id never gone to see the opening of the movies at midnight, or been to a book party, or even dressed up as a non-Muggle. I figured it was my last shot (for the book, anyway), so for the movie my buddies and I dressed up (we didnt go as far as to wait in line another friend of ours, a TRUE fan, saved our spots for 12 hours) and ended up winning the costume contest. When the book premiered, Praxy 10 and I went to Barnes and Noble at midnight to see if we could get a copy just by being there after bypassing people whod been there since 2 PM; after an hour of reading chemistry books, we decided to go home and sleep. (We ended up getting our copies from Costco the next morning, like civilized people.) Reuiniting and reminiscing. From watching the Perseid meteor shower go by from a moonlight boulder on top of a mountain, to making smores on a bonfire on the beach; from learning to wakesurf to rock climbing to celebrating the most epic birthday ever it was amazing to see all my friends from high school again. The best parts were not in crashing and bruising on waves going 30 miles per hour on an inner tube, but in the quiet moments when wed share our memories from schools all around the country. Also its weird how people you havent seen in months sometimes grow beards. (I just had to. Its one of those things you have to do. Like girls can have babies, and guys can grow beards. Its kind of like makeup, except grosser.. and its free! -my friend Nick, on his newly furry face) Tomorrow, its back to numbers, p-sets, and late-night pasta dinners; tomorrow, my face will regain consciousness. (Hopefully. If Im not smiling when you see me next, its not because I dont like you, its because my nerves are deader than Harry Potters parents.)

Analysis Of George Washington s President Of The United...

When George Washington was elected President in 1789 by members of the fledgling United States of America, he was setting into motion a tradition that has stood the test of over 225 years - the presidential election. Even as the United States has seen dozens of wars, made hundreds of scientific advances, and selected thousands of politicians to seats everywhere from small town councils to Congress, the principles of the election have remained the same; the people band together to determine who will best protect their interests at home and assure that the US will always remain on top in foreign policy. Oftentimes, this is found to be a difficult decision, as public opinion is constantly wavering. One sees this in action particularly during the 1992 election - a battle of wills between Bill Clinton, George H.W. Bush, and Ross Perot; complete with lead changes, major vote swings, and Perot’s unprecedented initial success - ultimately a false alarm to the bipartisan establishment. Undoubtedly, the last 80 years have brought the biggest change to the election process - polling. Beginning with the Gallup poll in 1936, the industry has become a titanic business, growing unregulated by the United States government. Frequently, polls have come under fire for their inaccuracy, or for their role in blocking the Democratic process (the 2000 and 2004 elections come to mind). Nonetheless, the 1992 election was not notable because of alleged bias, but because of what the polls said aboutShow MoreRelatedGeorge Washington s Farewell Address Essay1258 Words   |  6 PagesChase Williams US History to 1865 Dr. Lisa Crutchfield October 14, 2015 George Washington s Farewell Address, Primary Source Analysis George Washington’s Presidential Farewell Address consisted of three critical elements that were considered vital for the functional survival of the country that had just won its independence. On September 19, 1796, President Washington advised the nation to stand together as one united country, warned the people about the dangers of political parties and he establishedRead MoreWashington s Farewell Address Analysis1375 Words   |  6 Pages Washington’s Farewell Address Analysis Jennifer Trammell GOVT 200 – C04 Instructor Barber Opening statement Washington’s Farewell Address The major document we will be analyzing in this paper is George Washington’s â€Å"Farewell Address†. This was a very important document of its time and in order to analyze it fully it would be helpful to know a little more insight on the writing of and the reason it was written. Who is George Washington? George Washington was born in 1732, he grew up inRead MoreFreedom Is An Innate Right1407 Words   |  6 Pagesleverages your unique strengths. Abraham Lincoln was a dynamic president of United States stating freedom by eliminating slavery throughout the country to get a nation free. In particularly the idea of Lincoln â€Å"all men are created equal† allowed him to argue, beyond the shadow of doubts, that slavery was wrong. Lincoln explore the thought on American Union, for him union was not just a structure to govern the national interest of American states but also represented consensus the future freedom in AmericaRead MoreGeorge Washington s Farewell Address Essay1884 Words   |  8 Pages1796 that George Washington gave his â€Å"Farewell Address.† This profoundly important message is still read each year in the Senate. On September 19, 1796, US President George Washington published his Farewell Address to the nation of citizens. It was a thoroughly thoughtful analysis of our new nation, its needs for the future and his plans to decline to seek a third term as president. It was not delivered as a speech, but rather published in many newspapers and public venues. George Washington announcedRead MoreCia Research Paper1266 Words   |  6 Pagescontroversy such as the Iran-contra affair periodically brings to the surface broad questions of the proper relationship between the intelligence service and policymakers. It raises questions of whether the CIA slants or cooks its intelligence analysis to support covert actions or policy, and of the degree to which policymakers (or their staffs) selectively use—and abuse—intelligence to persuade superiors, Congress or the public. Beyond this, recent developments, such as the massive daily flowRead MoreNational Security Agency Is Unconstitutional887 Words   |  4 PagesThe NSA is an unconstitutional Federal government agency established by a failed president. In 1952, the worst president in U.S. History, President Truman, established the National Security Agency (NSA). Truman is known for committing the worst crime against humanity by using a nuclear bomb on the people of Hiroshima and Nag asaki in Japan, as well as for losing China and North Korea. For a president that is known for his poor performance on foreign policy, Truman establishes the NSA to safeguardRead MorePresident John F. Kennedy Inaugural Address1532 Words   |  7 PagesApril 30, 1789 George Washington, March 4, 1861 Abraham Lincoln, January 21, 2013 Barack Obama, and April 20, 1961 John F. Kennedy. What do all these dates and names have in common is a question you may ask. One is that each name is of one of the many presidents of the United States. Two is the dates are the dates of each ones Inaugural address. The first ever Inaugural address was done April 30, 1789 by none other than the United States first president George Washington. Many have heard and InauguralRead MoreAnalysis Of Washington s Farewell Address1656 Words   |  7 PagesAn Analysis of Washington’s Farewell Address in the Face of the Modern Era George Washington’s farewell address, published just prior to his retirement from the presidency in the fall of 1796, has long been esteemed as one of the most crucial documents for the original establishment of American policy in many areas. From setting a precedent for American neutrality during international wars to promoting the stewardship of public credit, Washington’s address has had a great influence on the paths thatRead MoreHistory Of Intelligence During The United States1137 Words   |  5 Pages History of Intelligence in the United States The history of intelligence in the United States resulted from the Cold War period and also provided intelligence support to the United States military which helped develop policies and procedures of the United States toward other countries. The development of intelligence in the United States has ultimately provided higher security for our citizens. President George Washington took command over the Continental Army in 1775; he had agents devise secreteRead MoreSummary Of Founding Brothers : The Revolutionary Generation By Joseph J. Ellis1377 Words   |  6 PagesHamilton-Burr duel, the political ideas and compromises on handling the new nation’s economy, the controversy on the issue of slavery, George Washington’s Farewell Address and his legacy, the collaboration between John Adams and Thomas Jefferson, their political rivalry, and finally their reconciled friendship. The most famous duel in the history of the United States is highlighted and explored in the first chapter of Ellis’ Founding Brothers. Ellis divulges his ongoing search for the hard cold facts

Washington National Parks Mountains and Forests

Pia Financial Analysis 2013 Year Free Essays

Financial Analysis Of Pakistan International Airlines FINANCIAL ANALYSIS OF PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES Submitted by Chemical Engineer Adnan Khalid Submitted to : Dr rashid Ahmed Institute Of Business and†¦ Premium Pakistan International Airlines Airways to merge with it. The outcome of the merger was the birth of a new airline, named Pakistan International Airlines (PIA) on 11 March, 1955. In addition to†¦ Premium Financial Analysis Of Pakistan State Oil (2003-08) 655,873 7,524,701 4,689,798 14,053,795 Financial Analysis of Pakistan State Oil (Balance Sheets For 2003-08) Balance†¦ Premium Case-Study On Training Development Of Pakistan International Airline credit and recognition, which would also be a source of inspiration for us in future. We will write a custom essay sample on Pia Financial Analysis 2013 Year or any similar topic only for you Order Now PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINE History Birth of a Nation, Birth of†¦ Premium Pakistan International Airline Report Product User Competitors Analysis. 15 Domestic Competitor International Competitors of PIA RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PAKISTAN INTERNATIONAL AIRLINES†¦ 17†¦ Premium Pakistan International Airline Pakistan International Airline (PIA) is very likely to post losses again for the last quarter of financial year 2012-13 as well, despite a lot of improvement in†¦ Premium Saved Case Analysis On Singapore International Airlines the case of Singapore International Airline: Preparing for Turbulence Ahead. It details with the internal and external environment analysis and how SIA strategies†¦ Premium Financial Analysis Of Pakistan Tobaco Co Governance Results 46 81 117 Financial Statements Consolidated Financial Statements Form of Proxy Pakistan Tobacco Company Limited Corporate Information†¦ Premium Financial Analysis Of Pakistan Textile Sector | 67 | 3. 1. 6 | Operations | 69 | 3. . 7 | Achievements Contribution to Society | 72 | 3. 1. 8 | Financial Analysis of Gul Ahmed | 77 | 3. 1. 9 | Horizontal†¦ Premium Pia(Pakistan International Airlines) burden on students. Total financial assets= 40 lacs (without land price ) Major contributors are: MAM international construction company MGPO†¦ Premium Pakistan International Airline and relevant reactions of numerous stakeholders such as (Barrett, 1998): * Society: Financial Perform ance lingers on the perception of the public in regards to†¦ How to cite Pia Financial Analysis 2013 Year, Papers

Process of Sales of Manufacturing Goods †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Process of Sales of Manufacturing Goods. Answer: Description of the Issue The process of sales of manufacturing goods to the staffs is processes outside theaccounting system of the company. In addition, proceed from the sales are used for the social and recreational activities of the staffs. Involvement of Fundamental Ethical Principles According to the conceptual framework of ethical accounting, in case anaccounting identifies organizationalaccounting operations not complying with the ethical principles, he/she needs to evaluate the level of threat so that they can be bring down to an acceptable level with the help of proper safeguards (ifac.org 2017). The provided case study states that the production manager allows the sales processes that are not processes with the help fair and true accounting policies. Thus, in this case, the self-interest threat of the accountants is involved. It can be seen that the accountants of Osmo has not been honest and straightforward. Thus, it can be seen that there is a violation of the principle of integrity. After that, it can be seen that the proceeds from the sales are use for social and recreational activities of the staffs instead of using it for the expansion and growth of the company. This process can be considered as unauthorized practice (ifac.org 2017). From this incident , it is clear that there is biasness in the decision-making process of the company. On the other hand, the objectivity of the total accounting process has not been maintained. A major fact is that the accountant of Osmo has not been professional to their works. Thus, it is clear that there is a violation of the accounting principles of objectivity and professional competence. It can also be seen that the accountants of Osmo has not included the necessary financial information in the financial statements of the company. As a result of this, the financial statements of Osmo fails to reflect the true and fair financial position of the company. Hence, on the overall basis, it can be seen that the accountant of the company has not behaved as a true accounting professional as the accountant has not complied with the rules and regulations of accounting principles. For this reason, it can be seen that there has been the breach of the accounting principle of professional behavior. Considerations The first consideration is process of sales value outside the accounting system of the company. As per the conceptual framework of accounting, it is required for every business organization to correctly record all accounting and financial information so that the financial statements of the companies show the actual financial position (Zadek, Evans Pruzan, 2013). This is a major material fact for Osmo. The next consideration is the use of the proceeds of sale for social and recreational activities of the staffs. It needs to be mentioned that the sales proceeds need to be used for the growth and expansion of the company instead of entertainment activities. These are the major considerations from the material facts of Osmo. It needs to be mentioned that the company is evading tax by not showing the actual amount of sales in the financial statements. Possible Courses of Action It can be seen that the annual revenue, asset value and employee base of Osmo has crossed the threshold limit of a small company. Thus, there is a requirement of conducting statutory audit of the accounts of Osmo. This can be considered as a major course of action for the issues (Thomas, 2012). It is clear that the sales accounts of Osmo have not been maintained as per the principle of accounting framework. Thus, it is required to establish effective and correct accounting system for various accounting processes of Osmo. This is another major course of action (Bebbington, Unerman O'Dwyer, 2014). It is required for the accountants of Osmo to consider all financial and accounting information that can have material impact on the financial position of the company. It will help in bringing integrity in the accounting works of the company. The implementation of key fundamental principles of accounting is required in the company. This implementation will make the accountants work with integrity and in an honest way. References (2017).Ifac.org. Retrieved 13 November 2017, from https://www.ifac.org/system/files/publications/files/ifac-code-of-ethics-for.pdf Bebbington, J., Unerman, J., O'Dwyer, B. (Eds.). (2014).Sustainability accounting and accountability. Routledge. DRURY, C. M. (2013).Management and cost accounting. Springer. Thomas, S. (2012). Ethics and accounting education.Issues in Accounting Education,27(2), 399-418. Zadek, S., Evans, R., Pruzan, P. (2013).Building corporate accountability: Emerging practice in social and ethical accounting and auditing. Routledge.

Aims and Objectives of Apple and Mk Museum Essay Example

Aims and Objectives of Apple and Mk Museum Essay Example Aims and Objectives of Apple and Mk Museum Paper Aims and Objectives of Apple and Mk Museum Paper The two businesses I have chosen are Apple and Mk Museum because I have visited and done in-depth analysis of both businesses by you online sources which are located in my bibliography. As per doing my in-depth analysis I have come to knowledge about both businesses aims and objectives. My reasons for researching the businesses were that I wanted to know how the both became a business and how did they reach this level of popularity and success. My plan was basically carried out by mainly doing allot of research and looking for appropriate sources to help me gather information. But I mainly focused on finding out allot of information about the business and I found out that Apple was founded by a man called Steve wozniak and Steve Jobs. Apple was established on April 1, 1976 by Steve Jobs Steve Wozniak and Ronald Wayne to sell the Apple I personal computer kit. The Apple I went on sale in July 1976 and was market-priced at $666. 66 ($2,723 in 2012 dollars, adjusted for inflation. I have also found out that Apple operates in the secondary and tertiary sector and that it has been achieving its aims and objectives by revolutionising the phone market and providing the customers with new ways to connect with each other that no other business was doing by making new phones the company success went up by a lot as the new invention like the I phone 5 which with each sale has profited Apple with ? 400 which with all other products sales is made Apples sales worth more than all of Microsoft and12 Times the global market rate. Also by doing my research I have come to know about the business Mk Museum which is a charitable trust with the director of the museum Bill Griffiths and the rest volunteers in the business Bill Griffiths is the only one who gets paid and the money that pays him comes from the museum cafeteria and gift shop by getting therefore the is achieving its aims and objectives but also its purpose of the business is to provide new and effective ways of telling people about history which they are doing at the same time they operate in the tertiary sector . By comparing the aims and objectives I have come to know that there are a few similarities between them but they’re are not alike in business as they both have different way of connecting people as the museum connects people with the history and apple with phone market both good ways but it’s the aims and objectives of both businesses which are different because on one hand Apple want be the best renowned phone and tablets company but faces obstacles which are other phone and tablet companies and on the other hand Mk museum wants to attract new possibilities and customers to the business which are both achievable but the main similarities is that they both have other business rivals. The way the both were investigated is kind of similar as for Mk museum the information was right on the website and for Apple some was on the Apple website and some was located on different websites which are located in my bibliography. The competitors of the business Apple are other phone companies like Samsung for example who always try to compete with Apples new products but so far have failed as to the result of Apple unleashing there new product the I phone 5 which has mesmerised the nation as the Apples Iphone sales have gone up by 142% and still rising with new customers buying everyday and by doing this Apple has still managed to retain its old customer by giving the gift vouchers in the post and selling them good deals. This is helpful as the customers are getting something in return from the company as well as the purchased product this gets the customer to come again. Apples inventions make Apple millions every year and there profit margin keeps rising with every invention and the new Iphone 5 is very successful and has become a iconic phone name and legacy. Apple products are developed to include improved applications and systems, are set at different prices depending on how much capability the customer desires, and are sold in places where other Apple products are sold. In order to promote the device, the company featured its debut at tech events and is highly advertised on the web and on television. On the other hand Mk Museums competitors are other museums located nearby or in the area itself that meaning that Mk Museum has to find new ways to attract customers and at the same time retain its customers as this is more difficult because the business rivals are located in the nearby or same area which means attracting customers is more harder as they have to engage in regular and different activities to attract the public which they are doing on a basic level. The aims and objectives are being met take Apple and its aims and objectives to† maximize profit† and â€Å"to be the dominant high-tech brand in the whole world† these are being met by retaining customers and developing new products staying unbeatable in the phone market and giving customer what they want and also showing customers that there are more incredible ways to connect to each other and also to connect to the world at the same time this being achieved as they keep modifying and releasing new products on regular time format this is attracting public attention which makes them want to see the product and engage them in what new software and apps and the capability of the phone itself is and not just adults the young generation are very enthusiastic about the new products and then make the parents buy them and show them how good they are. This is all done by selling new products at the price which suits Apple products are sold piece by piece this make the cu stomer buy accessories and other phone components this make Apple allot of money as this is partly the course of their success.

The Report Example

The Report Example The Report – Book Report/Review Example Edward Freeman in his article ‘A Stakeholder Theory of the Modern Corporation’, challenges the conventional assumptions on the primacy of the stakeholder. The author suggests an alternative stakeholder theory of the modern corporation. The article is based around the framework of managerial capitalism.The stakeholder theory suggested by the author defines the relationship between the stakeholders and the corporation beyond legal, economic, political and moral guidelines. A participatory approach in driving the corporation towards market success involving the stakeholders is the characteristic nature of the theory suggested. The reader is taken through the legal protections offered by the law to the stakeholders. Further, the economic argument challenging the managerial capitalism has been discussed. The paper revolves around the question â€Å"For whose benefit and at whose expense should the firm be managed?The author further explains the concept and the common percept ions on the term stakeholder. The contextual relevance of the term in the modern corporation has been explained. Different from the conventional concept that stakeholders are people, group of people or institutions affected by the management, the author sees the management as another stakeholder of the corporation. The role of management in the stakeholder loop is compared by the author to that of King Solomon. In general, the theory talks of a holistic approach in managing the stakeholder relationship, including the relationship amongst the stakeholders. According the proposed stakeholder theory, six principles of fair contract amongst the stakeholders forms its foundation. These have been exhaustively explained in the article. The author argues that these principles will act as relationship guidelines amongst the stakeholders.

Course Evaluation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Course Evaluation - Case Study Example This questioner helps me track my academic expectations as per this course. This is by the questions made in the questioner. Examples of such questions are; the grade expected from the course, course discussion participation, and individual study time. As a student, this questioner will help me know if I was serious enough or not. This questioner also gives the lecturer the reasons as to why students enrolled in the course, were they forced as per the institution’s prerequisite or did they enroll willingly? The instructors will also know if they presented the topics well, as well as their work performance. This questioner gauges the academic performance of the lecturers as well as the students (Freed, & Ehrlich, 2010). According to the results of the statistical approach of data collection, most of the students strongly agreed that the lecturer was well prepared before the class. This means that the content delivered yielded good outcome, evident from the good presentation results as well as interest stimulation. This data shows that the students enjoyed the course due to the preparedness and liveliness of the tutor. The results also show that the tutor was accessible to all students in the course. The factor of availability was met by the instructor. The course was intellectually challenging, but one student strongly disagreed with two being on the neutral side and most of the students supporting the motion. Although the course was challenging, reading materials were readily available as well as the lecturer’s devotion. A probability of most of the students passing the course is high. Another probability is most students will enroll in this course due to the high recommendations of the lecturer given by the former students. The ratio of student increment in the course is expected to increase in the coming semesters, due to the positive responses

Legalization of Marijuana in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Legalization of Marijuana in America - Essay Example It is because of these two highly conflicting points of view that Marijuana legalization has faced an uphill battle in the quest of its supporters to become a legalized substance. Therefore, one cannot wonder what it is about Marijuana that countries like Germany and Romania, Uruguay, Switzerland, Spain, and Portugal seem to find so positive that they actually legalized Marijuana and even went to the extent of setting up Marijuana shops where the government can regulate the substance's sale and distribution. Maybe it is about time America play the catch-up game and follow in the steps of its counterparts by legalizing Marijuana? What exactly are the negative results that support the non-legalization of Marijuana? Maybe there are actually medically and socially sound facts and data out there that can actually lend credence and support to the sector of society that looks to see Marijuana legalized in the country? What exactly are we looking at here? Those who stand in opposition to the legalization of Marijuana do so based upon various reasons that show the kind of mindset that the American public carries at the moment pertaining to Marijuana. The negative beliefs about the effect of Marijuana seems to be pretty much like everything else in our lives that we believe, it is all based upon a traditional mind conditioned set from the past eras. Ont he other hand, those who support the legalization of the substance seem to do so based mostly upon perceived positive effects on the health of a person and the economic impact of legalizing the substance upon a state. Those who are opposed to the legalization of Marijuana as a substance often points to the assumption that the plant has far more dangerous effects than getting drunk on alcohol. Medical experts from the Yale Medical School, psychiatrist Samuel T. Wilkerson to be specific has been quoted as saying; â€Å"Though they receive little attention in the legalization debate, the scientific studies showing an associ ation between marijuana use and schizophrenia and other disorders are alarming. â€Å" (Rubin, Jennifer â€Å"A Really Good Reason Not to Legalize Pot†). It would seem that the research of this particular group discovered an emerging picture that supports the claim that Marijuana use heightens the symptoms of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders when people who have a tendency to be vulnerable to psychosis are allowed to use the substance. Possibly genetic in reason, the use of the drug gives the user heightened hallucinations that force the user into a permanent state of psychosis. While there is still a very long way to go in terms of scientific evidence to support the claims that Marijuana use can worsen the mental conditions of already unstable mental patients, there are also other groups that believe it is of the utmost importance that the use of the substance be made as less enticing to the young people as possible. Supporters of this point of view include forme r president Jimmy Carter who has openly opposed the legalization of the substance in light of the passing of a vote in Colorado and Washington state that legalized the sale and distribution of the substance. The revered president is part of the old school of thought as evidence by his declaration that legalized Marijuana use should be strongly and openly opposed because.

Cultural Dependency Theory

Cultural Dependency Theory Introduction: There are many reasons to examine the current situation of the world, where a lot of countries are underdeveloped or are developing, and a small portion of the world, which are the Western countries, are relatively rich and developed and rule over the under-developed and developing countries. In this essay, I discuss the Modernisation theory and the Cultural Dependency Theory, how they came into existence and what are their problems. Also, the contributions made by all the countries and trying to develop have not really helped them to a great extent. In this essay, I have also explained why this division is still present and the dependency of the Third World countries on the Western countries. At the end of the essay, I have given the pros and cons of both the theories. International Communication Theory: The Third world countries were highly inferred for development because of the cold war which divided the countries into Eastern countries and western countries. This lasted for more than 50 years. Most of the Third World Nations wanted to avoid the group of countries which had common interest in politics and they wanted to concentrate on getting their population out of the control of the other legal or political restrictions. Third world nations got their name during the cold war which is said to be given by Alfred Sauvy in 1952, who was the French Economic historian. The world was divided between the capitalist first world which was led by the United States, and the communist second world, which was headed by Moscow (Thussu, 2006). The Term Third world was given to the nations who were not included in above mentioned groups (Brandt Commission, 1981; South Commission, 1990) and Asia, Latin America and Africa started a movement of National Liberation. This changed the entire political maps of the world (Thussu, 2006). By 1960, a lot of countries were free from the colonial powers and these new independent states got an opportunity to develop because of International Communication (Thussu, 2006). The New International Economic Order (NIEO) was approved by the UN General Assembly and the UNCTAD, because, the Non-Aligned Movement started demanding fairness in the economy. NIEO had an independent and an egalitarian economic order which was grounded on the principles of equality and was government free which included that, all the members of the country had equal rights to participate in the development process (Thussu, 2006 cit. Hamelink, 1979: 145). The NIEO provided a structure which helped to understand the international relations between the countries based on North-South division. At the same time, New World Information and Communication Order (NWICO) also had to be taken into consideration in order to link it with the economic order. The Non-Aligned countries demanded changes in the global economic and informational systems. Juan Somavia, 1976, observed that, The transnational Power structure supported the transnational communication system to develop. This is basically a tool for transmitting values and lifestyles to Third World Countries which provokes the consumption and society which is necessary to the transnational system as a whole. (Somavia, 1976: 16-17) There were a lot of times when the Third World or the developing countries took technical and financial help from the Western or the developed countries as they wanted to use the communication technologies for development. One of the main areas where the developing countries took support from the developed ones was the satellite television. Television was considered to be one of the most powerful and influential medium. It could be used for a lot of purposes like bringing change in the attitudes of the traditional people, educational purposes and modernise societies. Cultural Dependency Theory: Cultural Dependency Theory was emerged in the late 1960s and 1970s in Latin America. It was a criticism of the modernisation theory. This theory was developed in Latin America under the supervision of Raul Prebisch who was the director of United Nations Economic Commission. The main interest in research of Instituto Lationoamericano de Estudios (ILET) which was established in 1976 in Mexico City was to study the Transnational media business, which gave a force to criticise the modernisation theory.(Thussu, 2006) It became necessary to analyse international communication. So dependency theorists directed towards getting a substitute theoretical account (Baran, 1957; Gunder Frank, 1969; Amin 1976). Transnational Communication (TNCs) which was dominated by the North, have control over the governments and over developing countries by setting their personal rules and regulations on global trade which includes dominating labour, market, production and resources. These countries were developing in such a way that the developed countries keep dominating over the developing countries and maintained the need for the developing countries to be dependent on the developed countries (Thussu, 2006). Due to the neo-colonial relationship in which the TNCs controlled the exchange and structure of global markets, the inequality in the south had become wider and deeper whereas the TNCs had strengthened their control over the worlds natural and human resources (Baran, 1957; Mattlelart, 1979, Thussu, 2006). Dependency theorists tried to show the link between modernisation and policies of transnational media (Thussu, 2006). Herbert Schillers idea of cultural imperialism is the most clearly identified one (1969-92). Schiller analysed the links between the transnational business and the dominant states. (Thussu, 2006) The main argument of Schiller was about how the US based transnational corporations weaken the cultural liberty of the developing countries and force them to be dependent on both hardware and software of communication and media. The definition of cultural imperialism by Schiller was, the sum of the process by which a society is brought into the modern world system and how its dominating stratum is attracted, pressured, forced and sometimes bribed into shaping social institutions to correspond to or even to promote, the values and structures of the dominant centre of the system (Schiller, 1976: 9) Schiller argued that new emergent American empire was taking over the European colonial empires like, British, French and Dutch. This was based on the economic, military and informational power. According to him, the US based TNCs are continuously growing and are starting to dominate the global economy. US business and military organisations have got a leading role in the development and control of a new, electronic based global communication system due to the support that economic growth has received from the communication knowledge (Thussu, 2006). USA had the most effective surveillance system as it controlled global satellite communications which was the crucial element in the cold war years (Thussu, 2006). Due to this the dependence on the US increased for communication Technology and investment (Schiller, 1969). All the western goods and services along with the American way of life were promoted when the media programs were imported from the USA which required sponsorship to run . This was a threat to the Southern traditional cultures (Schiller, 1969). He argued in his book, which was republished in 1992 that the domination over the worlds communication of the US increased after the UNESCO failed and the cold war got over. The domination of US over the economy had started decreasing as the TNCs started acquiring important role in international relations changing the cultural imperialism of US into Transnational corporate cultural domination (Schiller, 1992: 39) The other works which show the dominance of the US using cultural imperialism is clearly seen in the Hollywoods relationship with the European movie market (Guback, 1996); US exports television shows to Latin America and influences it greatly (Wells, 1972); Disney comic also have contributed in promoting capitalist values (Dorfan and Mattelart, 1975) and advertising industry has played a role of an ideological instrument (Ewen, 1976; Mattelart, 1991) (cited in Thussu, 2006: 48-49). Oliver Boyd-Barrett noticed one of the most prominent aspects of dependency in international communication in the 1970s as media imperialism. This examines the information and media inequalities between the nations. It analyses the domination of the US over the international media (Boyd-Barrett, 1977). Modernisation Theory: The concept of modernity has become a very general statement. It represents the experience of the western culture on the others. All the global cultures are disapproved to modernity and the concept of cultural imperialism critically evaluates the conclusions in the critique of modernity (Tomlinson, 1991). A philosophical notion in the years after the war was that international communication is an important part in order to modernise and develop the Third world nations. The notion was that international communication can be used to spread modernity among the newly independent countries and that it will help to transform the traditional societies of the developing countries. It was also used to transfer the hypothetical description of economic and political entity of the developed countries.   Modernisation theory is an attempt to provide a support for the development policies which was created by the western countries. These development policies were supported towards the Third world countries which were still getting out of the rule of the stronger countries and were getting independent. This theory is just an attempt to explain the economic under-development of the Third world nations by focusing on the development which can be done with a process which is determined by the societys internal features. Vincent Mosco points out: The Modernisation Theory was meant to reconstruct the international division of labour amalgamating the non-Western world into the emerging international structural hierarchy (1996: 121). Marx, Weber, Durkheim, Simmel and Tonnies and others came up with their own theories keeping in mind the dramatic changes in the European societies due to the modern world. There was an agreement between the theorists which was based on the political spectrum and all of them thought that the world had more than one possible meaning in the capacity to deliver fulfilment and happiness. Modernity was associated with enlightenment and was suppose to free the people from the control of another person or any legal or political restrictions. But modernity failed to deliver complete freedom. Modernisation includes economic scientific and technical development that is very closely related to the capitalist market. But Bermans, in his book All that is solid melts into air talks about the notion of self development. The main aim of his book is to explain that cultural condition of modernity stood still and lapsed during the twentieth century. He also aims to fix the serious problem which was closely linked to the possibilities of dangers along with the enthusiasts and enemies of the modern life which was found during the nineteenth century. (Berman, 1983) According to the Frankfurt School theorists the main issue of modernity was the injustices by the capitalist system or social intolerance by a bigot or of the ideology of possessive individualism (Tomlinson, 1991). Horkheimer and Adorno critiqued the modernisation theory by comparing it with the so called rational institutions. The main task of modernisation theory is to set people free, but the history and past politics show that this theory failed to do their task effectively (Tomlinson, 1991). According the Berman, people living in the twentieth century do not know how to live a modern life and missed of broken the connection between the culture and lives. He describes modernisation as a set of historical processes due to which the experience of modernity evolves. He claims that modernity is one of the most difficult, anxious and uncertain place to live, but ultimately it is the world where people live and people can master the cultures of the place where they live. At one point of time, he mentions about the Third World nations and discusses that the governments of those countries are trying to protect their people from modernisation which is being imposed by the West. He says that if the culture which is being imposed by the west is really not used by the Third World nations then will they consume so much energy? The governments of the Third world nations call the West as aliens. But they do not understand the fact that they are their own peoples energies, desires and cr itical spirit. When these governments say that they do not want the Western Countries to impose any kind of cultures in their nations, they are trying to say that, they have managed to keep the political and spiritual influence on the people. Also they do not realise that once the people become more aware of things going around them, modernist spirit will be one of the first things to be adapted by the people. The governments of the Third World Nations are fighting against each other in order to keep their tradition alive among the people, which had no result at the end. He also says that Third world governments think that they are being enforced upon by the western countries by accumulating a lot of capital or are being forced to break into parts. He suggests that people have to adapt to a place in which nothing can be taken for granted. Media is just one form of medium which helps to spread the experience of modernity. But according to another theorist, Peter Berger, 1974, modernisation is not a one way journey which rectifies human self understanding. He explains this concept with the help of a story of a visitor who visited the villages of Tanzania. People living in these villages belonged to different Tribes but are now living very co-operatively. This was one of the communities which were transferring from tradition to modernity. The visitor asked someone; whether they still practice their personal tribal dances. The answer was, yes, and it is done once or twice a year on any special occasion. He also added that this is done so that it becomes easy for the people to understand one another better. (Berger, 1974).It is clearly seen that there is a process of political-economic which is enforced upon the Third world nations as they are very closely connected with their traditions and colonialism which has become a history for the Western nations and still are in a position to dominate over the Thi rd world nations (Tomlinson, 1991). Castoriadis, 1985, mentions that the West will continue to conquer the world even if it was going to be destroyed materially (Castoriadis, 1985). So when Berman says that the Third World cultures need to be modernised, he means not just in terms of objective structures of the capitalist markets, urbanism, but also in terms of a narrative with a clear beginning keeping in mind the cultures of the west. His view of modernity means that it is full of forces like the dynamic and development forces which means that the Western cultures are being imposed on the Third world nations in order to modernise and develop their countries. But Castoriadis has a different opinion. He accepts individuals have their own priorities and have their personal institutional forces towards modernity. The kind of institutions we develop in order to become powerful does not come from external forces of humanity but it comes from within through the social imaginary (Tomlinson, 1991). Habermass view on modernity is completely different from that of Bermans. Habermas thinks that modernity is a way of making someone poor culturally, whereas Berman thinks that there are forces which drive people towards modernity (Tomlinson, 1991). Cultural Dependency Theory v/s Modernisation Theory: The gap between the ruling and the working class increased which combined with regular recession to create dissatisfaction among the working class (McPhail, 2009). In order to fight for their rights, working class started forming groups such as unions (McPhail, 2009). Stevenson criticised this theory by using the dependency literature which was notable for an absence of clear definitions of fundamental terms like imperialism and an almost total lack of empirical evidence to support the arguments (Stevenson, 1988: 38). A lot of other theorists argued that it did not consider the media form and the role played by the audience (Thussu, 2006). Those involved in a cultural studies approach to the analysis of international communication argued that, like other cultural artefacts, media texts could be polysemic and were amenable to different interpretations by audiences who were not merely passive consumers, but active participants in the process of negotiating meaning (Fiske, 1987, cited in Thussu, 2006: 49). It was also noticed by the theorists that cultural imperialism thesis did not consider issues as how global media texts worked in national contexts, ignoring local patterns of media consumption (Thussu, 2006: 49). Cultural Dependency theory also failed to explain the effects of the cultural products distributed by the US around the world. Also, cultural imperialism failed to give attention to the complexities of the Third World cultures and assumed a hypodermic-needle model (Sreberny-Mohammadi, 1991, 1997). It was also argued that western scholars did not have deep knowledge about the Third world cultures. They had extremely limited knowledge and not being aware of diversities such as race, gender, class, religion and ethnicity. Very few systematic studies have been conducted by the southern scholars on cultural and ideological effects on western media on the audiences of the south (Thussu, 2006).One of the major issues of this theory was that it did not consider the role of the national elites, especially elites living in the developing countries (Thussu, 2006). Modernisation Theory had promised to deliver the social and economic change which failed miserably (McPhail, 2009). Therefore, three other theories were developed which looked at the development communication which were totally different and directed in a different way, which were, Cultural imperialism, Participatory communication and Entertainment-Education Theory (McPhail, 2009). Social and cultural theory does not agree with the core of modernity. Also this theory was criticised to a great degree because of its ideological basis, lack of clarity and it is a subject which is ignorant to many and it fails to exercise good judgement. This theory ignores the external determinants of underdevelopment like the exploitation of the Third world countries when they were being ruled by the Western countries. This theory ignores these factors and assumes that the Third World nations are progressing independently and are becoming modern on their own. In order for the Third world nations to progress they needed help from the Western countries as there was a lot of poverty, inadequate resources, lack of social provisions and political instability in the Third world nations. Modernisation Theory ignores all the disapprovals and expression whose meaning cannot be determined from its context which was addressed by the classical theorists (Tomlinson, 1991). In this theory, the traditional cultures, media habits, language, religion of the developing countries were not included, and were totally ridiculed and ignored (McPhail, 2009). One of the clear criticisms on this theory is that the American policy was to commit to free flow the information to the world and all the nations fell into the trap and gave immense support to this statement which was assumed to be true (McPhail, 2009). Scholars from the developing countries argued that the developing countries were not the beneficiaries of this theory, which was meant for them, but the western countries who created it were only getting benefitted out of this theory as it helped the companies to grow and establish in the Third world and could find their new consumers of their products (Thussu, 2009). A lot of people in the Third World remained poor and under developed, even after adapting themselves to modernisation theory and by the mid 70s, they started talking about the passing of the dominant paradigm (Rogers, 1976: 3).Slowly, when the US realised that the Southern nations are looking at them with suspicion, they stopped their free flow of information and became the one at the receiving end which at the end became a one way flow of information (McPhail, 2009). This matter was going to be brought up in the debate of the UNESCO in the late 1970s and early 1980s, but the US president, Ronald Reagan and British Prime Minister, Margaret Thatcher withdrew from UNESCO in order to protest against NWICO. Different opinions resulted in creating two streams, one of which was the outline of cultural imperialism by Herbert Schiller and the NWICO debate and fallout. This resulted in making a particular culture homogenous, that is the American popular culture, which is been mass produced (McPhail, 2009). Due to these reasons, the theorists of modernisation theory realised that this theory needs to be redeveloped (Thussu, 2006). The revised modernisation theory gives greater notice to the local elites (Thussu, 2006). But even in the revised version, western technology remains important. According to Thussu, 2006, Modernisation requires advanced telecommunication and computer infrastructure, preferably through the efficient private corporations, thus integrating the South into a globalized information economy (Thussu, 2006: 46) Despite of all the criticism done on dependency theory, cultural imperialism thesis have been extremely influential in international communication (Tomlinson, 1991; Thompson, 1995). This particular thesis was extremely important and needed during the heated argument during the NWICO debates in UNESCO and other international fora in the 1970s (Thussu, 2006). While criticising this thesis, John Thompson, 1995, concluded that this research is probably the only systematic and moderately plausible attempt, to think about the globalisation of communication and its impact on the modern world (Thompson, 1995: 173). Theorists, who defend this theory, argued that the critics of this theory often take the notion which is totally not in reference to the theory and it is completely abstract (Mattelart and Mattelart, 1998). There were a lot of changes in the debate of international communication which reflected the language of privatisation and liberalisation in the 1990s, media and cultural dependency theories became less eminent but their relevance was very visible all around (Golding and Harris, 1997; Thussu, 1998; Hackett and Zhao, 2005 and Hamm and Smandych, 2005 cited in Thussu, 2006: 50) Boyd-Barrett rightly argues that media imperialism has not included variables, such as gender, media relations and ethnic issues, so it is still a very useful theory to understand of what he terms the colonisation of communication space (Boyd-Barrett. 1998: 157). References: 1. Amin, S. (1976) Accumulation on a world scale: a critique of the theory of underdevelopment. New York: Monthly Review Press. 2. Baran, P. (1957) The political economy of growth. New York: Monthly Review Press. 3. Berman. M (1983) All that is solid melts into air: the experience of modernity. London, verso, pp. 15 4. Boyd-Barrett, O. (1977) Media Imperialism: towards an international framework for the analysis of media systems. In J.Curran, M. Gurevitch and J. Woolacott (eds), Mass Communication and society. London: Edward Arnold. 5. Boyd-Barrett, O. (1998) Media imperialism which was developed again. In. D. Thussu (ed.), Electronic empires. London: Arnold. 6. Brandt Commission (1981) North-South: a programme for survival. The report of the Independent Commission on International Development Issues under the chairmanship of Willi Brandt, London: Pan Books. 7. Castoriadis, C. (1985) Reflections on rationality and development, thesis eleven, no. 10/11, pp. 21. 8. Golding, P. And Harris, P. (eds) (1997) The political economy of the media 2 vols, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. 9. Gunder Frank, A. (1969) Capitalism and underdevelopment in Latin America. New York. Monthly Review Press. 10. Hackett, R. A and Zhao, Y. (eds) (2005) Democratizing global media: one world, many struggles. Lanham, MD: Rowman Littlefield. 11. Mattelart, A. (1979) Multinational corporations and the control of culture. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities Press. 12. Mattelart, A. and Mattelart, M. (1998) Theories of communication: a short introduction. London: Sage. 13. McPhail, T. (2009) Development Communication Reframing the role of the media. London. Blackwell Publishing. 14. Mosco, V. (1996) The political economy of communication: rethinking and renewal. London: Sage. 15. Berger, P. (1974) Pyramids of sacrifice, Harmondsworth, Allen lane, pp. 197-8 16. Rogers, E. (1976) Communication and DevelopmentL the passing of a dominant paradigm. Communication Research, 3. 17. Schiller, H. (1969) Mass Communication and American Empire. New York: Augustus M. Kelley.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Second revised and updated edition published by Westview Press in 1992. 18. Schiller, H. (1976) Communication and cultural domination. New York: International Arts and sciences press, 9. 19. Somavia, J. (1976) The Transnational Power Structure and International Information. Development Dialogue, 2:   16-17. 20. South Commission (1990) The challenge of South: the report of the South Commission. Geneva: the South Centre. 21. Sreberny-Mohammadi, A. (1991) The global and the local in international communication. In J. Curran and M. Gurevitch (eds), Mass Media and Society. London: Edward Arnold. 22. Sreberny-Mohammadi, A. (1997) The many cultural phases of imperialism. In P. Golding and P. Harris (eds), Beyond cultural imperialism. London: Sage. 23. Stevenson, R. (1988) Communication, development and the Third World: the global politics of information. London: Longman. 38. 24. Thussu, D. K (ed.) (1998) Electronic empires: global media and local resistance. London: Arnold. 25. Thussu, D. K (2006) International Communication- Continuity and Change (2nd Ed) Great Britain: Hodder Education. 26. Thussu, D. K (2006) Approaches to theorizing international communication. In: International Communication- Continuity and Change (2nd Ed) Great Britain: Hodder Education. Pp. 46. 27. Thussu, D. K (2006) Approaches to theorizing international communication. In: International Communication- Continuity and Change (2nd Ed) Great Britain: Hodder Education. Pp. 48-49. 28. Thussu, D. K (2006) Approaches to theorizing international communication. In: International Communication- Continuity and Change (2nd Ed) Great Britain: Hodder Education. Pp. 49. 29. Thussu, D. K (2006) Approaches to theorizing international communication. In: International Communication- Continuity and Change (2nd Ed) Great Britain: Hodder Education. Pp. 50. 30. Thompson, J. (1995) The media and modernity: a social theory of the media. Cambridge: Polity. 31. Tomlinson, J. (1991) Cultural Imperialism- a critical introduction. Great Britain. Pinter Publishers Ltd.

Aids essay

Nowadays, with the developed industrialization there are a lot of dangerous diseases which have influence on the people. There are the cancer, osteoporosis, Alzheimer’s etc. One of them is AIDS – the serious disease. Unfortunately, day by day the number of people who are infected with Aids is increasing. Infected people are very weak to fight off other infectious disease and soon they will die. AIDS is one of the dangerous diseases, so the people need to know about how to prevent it.Acquired Immune-Deficiency Syndrome, popularly known by its abbreviation AIDS is a fatal disease as it attacks and destroys the immune system of the body. It is caused by a virus called Human Immuno Deficiency Virus or HIV in short. HIV damages body’s immune system by destroying white blood cells which help us to destroy invaded pathogens. When HIV enters a white blood cell, it may remain dormant. However, once it is activated, it infects another cell to produce many new HIVS. After a certain period of time, the white blood cells are destroyed and leading to a loss of function of the immune system (Y.K. Ho,2004). The first ever case of a person with AIDS was detected in America in 1959 which later emerged as a dreadfully widespread disease in the 1980s in countries like France, , Belgium, Uganda, Zambia Tanzania, Zimbabwe etc. Moreover, AIDS was first clinically observed in 1981 in the United States. [The initial cases were a cluster of injecting drug users and homosexual men with no known cause of impaired immunity who showed symptoms of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), a rare opportunistic infection that was known to occur in people with very compromised immune systems.Soon thereafter, an unexpected number of gay men developed a previously rare skin cancer called Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). Many more cases of PCP and KS emerged, alerting U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and a CDC task force was formed to monitor the outbreak. In the early days, the CDC did not have an official name for the disease, often referring to it by way of the diseases that were associated with it, for example, lymphadenopathy, the disease after which the discoverers of HIV originally named the virus.They also used Kaposi's Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections, the name by which a task force had been set up in 1981. At one point, the Center of Diseases Control coined the phrase â€Å"the 4H disease†, since the syndrome seemed to affect Haitians, homosexuals, hemophiliacs, and heroin users. In the general press, the term â€Å"GRID†, which stood for gay-related immune deficiency, had been coined. However, after determining that AIDS was not isolated to the gay community, it was realized that the term GRID was misleading and the term AIDS was introduced at a meeting in July 1982.By September 1982 the CDC started referring to the disease as AIDS. HIV is a fast spreading disease in the world which if—not controlled—can take an epidemic proportion. According to the data and statistics of World Health Organization, global summary of the AIDS epidemic, 2009, the number of people living with HIV is around 33. 3 million and AIDS death in 2009 is around 1. 8 million. The highest numbers of AIDS cases are found in Mumbai in India which is known as die AIDS capital of the country and is closely followed by Chennai, Thiruvanandiapuram, Nagpur, Aurangabad and Kolhapur.Mizoram, Manipur, Nagaland and Delhi too have a number of HIV cases being reported in die recent years. As per die common myth, HIV infection is not contagious as is measles, chicken pox, tuberculosis, cholera, plague, smallpox etc. The infection mainly spreads through a sexual route or blood to blood contact. HIV spreads mainly through sexual relationship-whether heterosexual or homosexual with an infected partner, transfusion of HIV infected blood and blood products, use of infected syringes or needles and is passed on by an infected mother to her unborn child.It is therefore, foolish to believe that HIV spreads through mosquitoes, embracing, holding, touching or kissing each other, shaking hands, coughing, sneezing, spitting, sharing of public toilets or swimming pools, sharing meals or eating from the same plates, or sharing clothes, bed sheets, or attending similar schools or working together. There are many causes to explain why people got AIDS and there are also some serious effects. The first cause can be because they did not recieve enough information about specific illnesses like AIDS.So to help us to prevent AIDS: we need to educate the children carefully. It is because AIDS has existed since many years ago. Although many scientists have tried to discover the treatment against this terrible disease, they have not found some patent treatments yet. Scientists caution that a safe, effective vaccine against HIV may be at least a decade away, mainly because, like the influenza virus, HIV mutates (changes structure ) quickly, producing different strains. An ideal vaccine must be able to stimulate neutralization of both â€Å"free† viruses and those hidden within lymphocytes, such s T-helper cells. Researchers in various countries have developed and are testing a few preliminary vaccines. One sub-unit vaccine, made from virus coat material (a glycoprotein) genetically cloned in an insect virus (the baculovirus, which attacks moths and butterflies but no humans) has been shown to stimulate an immune response in experimental animals. Another preliminary vaccine, produced by cloning modified Vaccinia viruses, containing a portion of HIV envelope, is about to enter clinical trials in New York. But to date no vaccine tried in animals or humans has been shown to prevent AIDS.The best way to avoid AIDS is to regard it as a highly lethal disease and practice commonsense prevention. Avoiding infection is in one’s own hands. People can protect themselves. To halt its spread, people are enco uraged to obtain and apply accurate AIDS information to their living styles and sexual habits in order to reduce the risk of getting or transmitting the virus. Sadly, health promoters claim that â€Å"reaching the many who don't want to know† is no easy task. Health promoters suggest that educators must learn how and when to communicate AIDS information – in the right way at â€Å"teachable† moments.Many Public Health Departments are now taking the lead in disseminating education about AIDS with large scale public awareness programs. On the other hand, there are many ways to reduce AIDS, but the primary way is have a protective sex. One of the examined showed that consistent condom use reduces the risk of HIV transmission by approximately 80% over the long term. When one partner of a couple is infected, consistent condom use results in rates of HIV infection for the uninfected person of below 1% per year.There is some evidence to suggest that female condoms may provide an equivalent level of protection. Application of a vaginal gel containing tenofovir (a reverse transcriptase inhibitor) immediately before sex seems to reduce infection rates by approximately 40% among African women. By contrast, use of the spermicide nonoxynol-9 may increase the risk of transmission due to its tendency to cause vaginal and rectal irritation. Circumcision in Sub-Saharan Africa â€Å"reduces the acquisition of HIV by heterosexual men by between 38% and 66% over 24 months†.Based on these studies, the World Health Organization and UNAIDS both recommended male circumcision as a method of preventing female-to-male HIV transmission in 2007. Whether it protects against male-to-female transmission is disputed and whether it is of benefit in developed countries and among men who have sex with men is undetermined. Some experts fear that a lower perception of vulnerability among circumcised men may result in more sexual risk-taking behavior, thus negating its p reventive effects.Women who have undergone female genital cutting have an increased risk of HIV. Programs encouraging sexual abstinence do not appear to affect subsequent HIV risk. Evidence for a benefit from peer education is equally poor. Comprehensive sexual education provided at school may decrease high risk behavior. A substantial minority of young people continues to engage in high-risk practices despite knowing about HIV/AIDS, underestimating their own risk of becoming infected with HIV.It is not known if treating other sexually transmitted infections is effective in preventing HIV. To conclude, AIDS is a very dangerous diseases, so it needs to be controlled.. We must go to all extremes in preventing this virus from spreading much more that it already has. If you could spread it then you need to be tested, educated, isolated and treated. We must do all that it takes to prevent someone else from being infected. References Aids. In Wikipedia. com. Retrieved from http://en. wiki pedia. org/wiki/HIV/AIDS

Part Six Chapter IV

IV The police had picked up Krystal Weedon at last as she ran hopelessly along the river bank on the very edge of Pagford, still calling her brother in a cracked voice. The policewoman who approached her addressed her by name, and tried to break the news to her gently, but she still tried to beat the woman away from her, and in the end the policewoman had almost to wrestle her into the car. Krystal had not noticed Fats melting away into the trees; he did not exist to her any more. The police drove Krystal home, but when they knocked on the front door Terri refused to answer. She had glimpsed them through an upstairs window, and thought that Krystal had done the one unthinkable and unforgivable thing, and told the pigs about the hold-alls full of Obbo's hash. She dragged the heavy bags upstairs while the police hammered at the door, and only opened up when she considered that it had become unavoidable. ‘Whatcha wan'?' she shouted, through an inch-wide gap in the door. The policewoman asked to come in three times and Terri refused, still demanding to know what they wanted. A few neighbours had begun to peer through windows. Even when the policewoman said, ‘It's about your son, Robbie,' Terri did not realize. †E's fine. There's nuthin' wrong with ‘im. Krystal's got ‘im.' But then she saw Krystal, who had refused to stay in the car, and had walked halfway up the garden path. Terri's gaze trickled down her daughter's body to the place where Robbie should have been clinging to her, frightened by the strange men. Terri flew from her house like a fury, with her hands outstretched like claws, and the policewoman had to catch her round the middle and swing her away from Krystal, whose face she was trying to lacerate. ‘Yeh little bitch, yeh little bitch, what've yeh done ter Robbie?' Krystal dodged the struggling pair, darted into the house and slammed the front door behind her. ‘For fuck's sake,' muttered the policeman under his breath. Miles away in Hope Street, Kay and Gaia Bawden faced each other in the dark hallway. Neither of them was tall enough to replace the light bulb that had been dead for days, and they had no ladder. All day long, they had argued and almost made up, then argued again. Finally, at the moment when reconciliation seemed within touching distance, when Kay had agreed that she too hated Pagford, that it had all been a mistake, and that she would try and get them both back to London, her mobile had rung. ‘Krystal Weedon's brother's drowned,' whispered Kay, as she cut Tessa's call. ‘Oh,' said Gaia. Knowing that she ought to express pity, but frightened to let discussion of London drop before she had her mother's firm commitment, she added, in a tight little voice, ‘That's sad.' ‘It happened here in Pagford,' said Kay. ‘Along the road. Krystal was with Tessa Wall's son.' Gaia felt even more ashamed of letting Fats Wall kiss her. He had tasted horrible, of lager and cigarettes, and he had tried to feel her up. She was worth much more than Fats Wall, she knew that. If it had even been Andy Price, she would have felt better about it. Sukhvinder had not returned one of her calls, all day long. ‘She'll be absolutely broken up,' said Kay, her eyes unfocused. ‘But there's nothing you can do,' said Gaia. ‘Is there?' ‘Well †¦' said Kay. ‘Not again!' cried Gaia. ‘It's always, always the same! You're not her social worker any more! What,' she shouted, stamping her foot as she had done when she was a little girl, ‘about me?' The police officer in Foley Road had already called a duty social worker. Terri was writhing and screaming and trying to beat at the front door, while from behind it came the sounds of furniture being dragged to form a barricade. Neighbours were coming out onto their doorsteps, a fascinated audience to Terri's meltdown. Somehow the cause of it was transmitted through the watchers, from Terri's incoherent shouts and the attitudes of the ominous police. ‘The boy's dead,' they told each other. Nobody stepped forward to comfort or calm. Terri Weedon had no friends. ‘Come with me,' Kay begged her mutinous daughter. ‘I'll go to the house and see if I can do anything. I got on with Krystal. She's got nobody.' ‘I bet she was shagging Fats Wall when it happened!' shouted Gaia; but it was her final protest, and a few minutes later she was buckling herself into Kay's old Vauxhall, glad, in spite of everything, that Kay had asked her along. But by the time they had reached the bypass, Krystal had found what she was looking for: a bag of heroin concealed in the airing cupboard; the second of two that Obbo had given Terri in payment for Tessa Wall's watch. She took it, with Terri's works, into the bathroom, the only room that had a lock on the door. Her aunt Cheryl must have heard what had happened, because Krystal could hear her distinctive raucous yell, added to Terri's screams, even through the two doors. ‘You little bitch, open the door! Letcha mother see ya!' And the police shouting, trying to shut the two women up. Krystal had never shot up before, but she had watched it happen many times. She knew about longboats, and how to make a model volcano, and she knew how to heat the spoon, and about the tiny little ball of cotton wool you used to soak up the dissolved smack, and act as a filter when you were filling the syringe. She knew that the crook of the arm was the best place to find a vein, and she knew to lay the needle as flat as possible against the skin. She knew, because she had heard it said, many times, that first-timers could not take what addicts could manage, and that was good, because she did not want to take it. Robbie was dead, and it was her fault. In trying to save him, she had killed him. Flickering images filled her mind as her fingers worked to achieve what must be done. Mr Fairbrother, running alongside the canal bank in his tracksuit as the crew rowed. Nana Cath's face, fierce with pain and love. Robbie, waiting for her at the window of his foster home, unnaturally clean, jumping up and down with excitement as she approached the front door †¦ She could hear the policeman calling to her through the letter box not to be a silly girl, and the policewoman trying to quieten Terri and Cheryl. The needle slid easily into Krystal's vein. She pressed the plunger down hard, in hope and without regret. By the time Kay and Gaia arrived, and the police decided to force their way in, Krystal Weedon had achieved her only ambition: she had joined her brother where nobody could part them.

African American Music Culture - 1490 Words

African American Music Culture Jakiella James â€Å"African-American gospel music is a major influence in nearly all genres of modern popular music, from rhythm ‘n blues to jazz, from soul to rock ‘n roll. The musical genre is a unique expression of the black experience in America? The emotionally-charged, wailing vocals and syncopated rhythms give the music a distinctive style. The singing is accompanied not only by instrumentals, but often also by hand-clapping, foot-stomping and shouting. Gospel music is rooted in slave spirituals and protestant hymns. During the late 1800s, the music spread in popularity among white Christians through the traveling revivals led by Evangelist Dwight Moody. The music took root in the black†¦show more content†¦As in traditional African cultures and as the ancestors that endured slavery had done, African Americans used music to communicate, synchronize, summon courage and assuage pain and adversity. That uniquely African style of singing with emotion, power and rhythm was evident through the field hollerers, work songs, spirituals, gospels and blues. Then the rhythm and blues artists and the soul artists provided a rich resource for the succeeding style of music called â€Å"funk†. And these artists drove it home to an ever widening audience. This was also the time when other artists were delivering songs with philosophical and social messages. The emphasis of this paper will be on the music called funk and its impact on the American culture. Students will be engaged in actively listening to and discussing a variety of artists to evaluate their effect on the music’s direction, impact and audience. At the turn of the nineteenth century, jazz was making its entrance and establishing itself as the music of the future with icons such as Buck Clayton, Sidney Bichet, Louis Armstrong, Lil Hardin, King Joe Oliver and Jelly Roll Morton. They were followed by Scott Joplin, Fletcher Henderson, Noble Sissle, Louis Jordan, Duke Ellington, Count Basie and others. While jazz was riding a crest, there was another style of African American music with aShow MoreRelatedJazz And Jazz Culture1273 Words   |  6 PagesWhat is culture? What is African culture? What is Jazz music and where did it come from? How can one culture, in a sense, impact the musical landscape of the whole Western world and eventually assimilate into ‘pop’ culture? If we want to truly understand jazz and it’s concepts, we have to navigate through history and explore it’s roots. Simply put, jazz is African American music, and the genre, as we know, formed in New Orleans. However, the origins of jazz started well before then, in Africa. TheRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance s Influence And Impact1262 Words   |  6 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance s Influence and Impact The Harlem Renaissance era is known for its rich culture and being the source for many African American breakthrough artists such as Alain Locke,W.E.B DuBois, and Ethel Waters. . Whether it be the diversity of music, drama, art, or literature, it’s surely present during that period of time and still is today. Many questions about this time period include â€Å"How was Harlem life like back then?† â€Å"What is the Harlem Renaissance?†, and â€Å"How did itRead MoreReoccurring Themes in the Work of Langston Hughes Essay1649 Words   |  7 Pagesfocuses on the hardships of his people. Hughes’ heartfelt concern for his people’s struggle evokes the reader’s emotion. His appreciation for black music and culture is evident in his work as well. Langston Hughes is a complex poet whose profound works provide insight into all aspects of black life in America, including oppression, struggle, music and culture. Hughes speaks about black oppression in a full range of representation. The blacks that Hughes focuses most of his writing on are the â€Å"most burdenedRead MoreThe Art Of The Folk1699 Words   |  7 Pagestraditions, convictions, and expressions that make up an unmistakable culture. When people started to realize, their potential and become open to the public about their abilities, the art of the folk begun to suddenly become more diverse. It became diverse in jazz, blues, folktales, and dance; some of the major aspects that caused todays music to be what it is in the twenty first century. Folk, whether it is folk art, folktales, folk music, or folk dance, expresses cultural identity by conveying sharedRead MoreThe Counter Culture of the 1920s Essay1493 Words   |  6 PagesThe counter culture of the 1920’s has affected the way the American lifestyle is today. Counter culture is a culture that primarily consists of younger people, with values and lifestyles opposing th ose of the original established culture. (Dictionary.com) A need for change. The 1920’s are also known as the â€Å"Jazz Age,† which was coined by F. Scott Fitzgerald, and the â€Å"Roaring Twenties.† It was a decade of change. (Hakim, 41) The counterculture of the 1920’s resulted from the Age of Jazz, FlappersRead MoreJohn Altoon s Jazz Players From 19501396 Words   |  6 Pagesbecause it embraces the expression of African American culture through jazz music. It demonstrates a scene where the white man and the black man come together for the mutual appreciation and fondness of jazz music. The white and black jazz players turn towards each other harmoniously playing their saxophones. The expressions on the two jazz players faces embodies their self-confidence. The scene depicted in this piece positively represents the life of an African American, which expresses the ideals of theRead MoreAfrican American Vernacular Traditions: Integrated Into Modern Cu lture1292 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican American Vernacular Traditions: Integrated Into Modern Culture African American vernacular traditions have been around for many centuries and still cease to exist in their culture. The vernacular traditions of the African Americans started when slaves were existent in the eighteenth and nineteenth century. It is believed that the slaves spoke a mix of Creole and partial English, in which they had to create in order to communicate between them discreetly. The vernacular traditions originatedRead MoreThe New Negro Movement, By Zora Neale Hurston1720 Words   |  7 Pagesintellectual and artistic African American leaders during the 1920s. It was a manifestation of embracing poetry, literature, music, art, film, fashion and all things synonymous with creativity. It begun during the end of World War 1, in a relatively small section in New York City and ended during the aftermath of The Great Depression. This was by far one of the most influential movements in African American culture. African Americans took pride in themselves and in their culture and wanted to showcaseRead MoreBlack And Blues - Langston Hughes1623 Words   |  7 PagesRenaissance was a time in history when the African American culture had one of its most influential movements by using creativity and the arts (Hutchinson 1). This movement took place between 1918 and 1937 and was shaped by both African American men and women through writing, theatre, visual arts, and music. The purpose of this movement was to change the white stereotypes that were associated with African American people and their culture (Hutchinson 1). African Americans used the Harlem Renaissance to buildRead MoreAnalysis Of Langston Hughes s Poetry977 Words   |  4 Pagesstruggle of the African American community through his poetry during the time period around the Harlem Renaissance. As a world traveler and successful African American man, he was able to use his fame to enlighten the world, namely the white population, on the inequality and abuse of African American population in th e United States. Despite his own battle with unhappiness and inequality (Royster, 344), Hughes was able to capture and express the truth of the life of African Americans in his emotionally